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| 1903 |
| | Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven invents the galvanometer, or electrocardiograph, for recording the electrical impulses within the heart muscle | |
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| 1905 |
| | The Dutch dancer Gertrud Zelle begins a career in Paris, using the stage name Mata Hari | |
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| 1907 |
| | Dutch and British companies (Royal Dutch Oil, Shell Transport and Trading) merge to form Royal Dutch Shell Oil | |
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| 1917 |
| | Piet Mondrian and other Dutch artists establish the movement known as De Stijl, together with a magazine of the same name | |
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| 1918 |
| | Dutch designer Gerrit Rietveld produces his 'Red and Blue Chair', under the influence of the De Stijl movement | |
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| 1918 November 10 |
| | Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates and goes into exile in the Netherlands | |
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| 1940 May 10 |
| | German tanks cross the borders into neutral Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium | |
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| 1940 May 10 |
| | After the German invasion of the Netherlands and Belgium, Winston Churchill replaces Chamberlain as the British prime minister | |
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| 1940 May 12 |
| | Only two days after crossing the Netherlands border, a German division reaches the coast near Rotterdam | |
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| 1940 May 12 |
| | Queen Wilhelmina and the Dutch government escape just in time to Britain | |
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